Atlas H30臭氧发生器在光伏电池的中的应用

Atlas H30臭氧发生器在光伏电池的中的应用

该文介绍了同林代理的这款Atlas H30臭氧发生器应用在光伏电池中。

光伏技术的进步受到稳定性和退化的阻碍。在硅光伏电池中，这些降解机制包括电位诱导降解(PID)和电流诱导降解(CID)等。在本论文中，阻抗谱被用于检测钝化发射极和后电池(PERC)硅模块的PID和CID。在控制模块和退化模块之间进行比较，以确定阻抗谱中的关键差异，并确定退化的程度。在模块水平上观察到PID在分流电阻中显着降低，在退化中存在少量的空间不均匀性。研究发现，通过测量少数载流子寿命来准确表征CID需要在模块级具有高偏置电压，这超过了标准阻抗谱仪的能力。因此，CID也在细胞水平上进行了检查，可以准确地测量少数载流子寿命的减少。由于CID导致的少数载流子寿命的减少与功率转换效率的降低之间存在相关性。因此，本文研究的PID和CID机制引起阻抗谱结果的独特变化，使它们具有可区分性和可量化性。更后，通过使用不同的硅片和电流诱导再生过程来减轻CID的能力通过阻抗谱进行了表征。

新兴光伏电池的稳定性，例如基于金属卤化物钙钛矿吸光膜的光伏电池，也被解决了。常压空间原子层状沉积(AP-SALD)是一种可扩展的技术，可生产致密、均匀、无针孔的薄膜。这是理想的改善钙钛矿设备的稳定性，通过防止水分的进入，导致钙钛矿薄膜的降解。氧化钨是一种透明半导体，在钙钛矿光伏电池中用作电荷传输层是很有吸引力的。通过在我们定制的AP-SALD系统中包括雾化器和臭氧发生器，首次可以用这种方法生产氧化钨薄膜。优化沉积工艺得到六方氧化钨，对其进行表征，并退火成单斜氧化钨。这一过程的生长速度显示了一层一层的生长，这与ALD的生长方式是一致的。由于沉积温度高，需要反向p-i-n结构来实现氧化钨到钙钛矿结构中。加入氧化钨的初步试验解决了WO3薄膜的晶体结构和润湿性问题。

使用AP-SALD制备的WO3薄膜制作器件需要进一步的测试。

It was noted in Section 4.3 that previous work by Zhuiykov et al. on the deposition of WO3 using BTBMW and H2O resulted in oxygen deficient WO3 [97]. This could potentially be remedied by using a more reactive oxygen precursor such as ozone or by increasing the water concentration. Also, a deposition temperature of 250-350°C was used in this previous report, which would prevent the integration of the WO3 films into a PSC with a n-i-p structure, as the perovskite layer typically degrades at temperatures above 140°C [50], [82]. Again, the use of a more reactive oxygen precursor may facilitate the WO3 deposition at a lower temperature. When compared to water, ozone is known to reduce the deposition temperature for aluminum oxide [103]. The precursor, trimethylaluminum (TMA) and ozone produced films at temperatures as low as 50°C while H2O could only produce films above 100°C [103].

To this end, an ozone generator was incorporated into the AP-SALD system. An ATLAS 30UHC ozone generator from Absolute Ozone was used to generate ozone from an oxygen gas cylinder with 7.5% nitrogen balance. A manual mass flow controller was placed at the output of the ozone generator to control the flow. This connects directly into the brass manifold above the reactor head in place of the oxygen carrier line. A dial was used to set the potentiometer of the ozone generator which affects the concentration of ozone generated. The system was calibrated to 20 psi. The ozone generator and mass flow controller are pictured below in Figure 30. It should be noted that the accuracy of the manual MFC is questionable due to the scale being in standard liters per minute (slpm) instead of sccm and the flow of gas typically being used was around 300 sccm.

原文标题：

Improving and Evaluating the Stability of Photovoltaics